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Module summary

There have been a number of recent updates to national guidelines on use of the faecal immunohistochemical test (FIT) to guide referrals for suspected lower gastrointestinal cancer. Following the most recent publication of NICE diagnostic guidance on use of FIT and its incorporation into NICE guidance on suspected cancer referrals, gastroenterologists Dr Michael Colwill and Dr Andrew Poullis explain the evidence-based principles behind FIT and its current recommended use in general practice.

Learning objectives 
This module will enhance GPs’ understanding of the FIT including:

  • The rationale for the use of FIT to guide referral decisions in general practice.
  • The appropriate diagnostic thresholds and why they are used.
  • Which patients should be asked to perform a FIT and how the result should be interpreted.
  • The purpose of the FIT in patients with overt rectal bleeding.
  • When and what further investigations are required in patients with a negative FIT.
  • How to manage a FIT-positive patient with negative colonoscopy.

Authors: Dr Michael Colwill is luminal gastroenterology research fellow and Dr Andy Poullis is gastroenterology consultant, both at St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust in London

This module has received funding from Bowel Cancer UK with no involvement in the content.

Date module published: 25.06.24

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Reviews

  • Very informative. Thanks

  • Excellent review and very informative

  • v useful

  • Short & succinct .\nExcellent module

  • excellent\n

  • very informative

  • Brilliant concise refresher

  • Relevant information

  • easy to understand.\nit will help change my practice.

  • Great brief summary

  • It was a very informative session and cleared a lot of confusion regarding FIT test and its use in triaging the high risk patients.

  • interesting read

  • Excellent overview

  • An excellent module

  • Very informative

  • very good quiz

  • excellent

  • Tricky questions.

  • great module

  • Very good and useful session

  • useful to find out new test v fob

  • good module\nwhen to refer

  • Great information pack

  • informative

  • Good review of NICE guidance and reasoning behind this.

  • good information regarding FIT

  • Very helpful

  • Excellent

  • very good

  • Good reminder

  • Very good and clear article

  • good

  • Nice module and very informative

  • Very useful

  • very informative module on the pros ad cons of a \nFIT test and how to interpret reults and its place in the NICEguidelines

  • Useful

  • This CPD is good for the GPs \nVery nice full descriptions given very useful

  • useful

  • Excellent - compact and concise

  • excellent

  • helpful module

  • great resource

  • Quite helpful

  • good useful

  • useful primary care module

  • excellent

  • excellent review!!

  • helpful module with GP targeted information

  • Good!

  • Excellent module

  • Excellent update

  • Excellent summary, I have definitely benefited from it.

  • Helpful summary.

  • Excellent explanation well illustrated by important questions on FIT test

  • On point! Just what you need as a GP

  • excellente

  • Informative

  • Excellent catch up on a commonly encountered situation in general practice,.

  • Good

  • I liked how the learning was formatted into bullet points

  • Very engaging modules

  • excellent refresher for management of abdominal symptoms.

  • useful course

  • Clear. Relevant

  • this was a very good and pratical module, all GPs need to do this module. thank you

  • Good

  • Good refresher

  • Very good summary

  • Helpful module

  • good module

  • fdsf

  • Thank you

  • Good revision

  • Excellent module

  • good learning

  • very informative

  • Good overview

  • fit test specific and reliable

  • very useful\n

  • easy for quick learning

  • Good

  • useful

  • Excellent article

  • good summary oints

  • Thank you very good knowledge

  • Educative

  • very useful

  • clear

  • good knowledge for GP

  • good

  • excellent content and informative

  • Excellent course.

  • Useful review for FIT in GP

  • useful in GP setting

  • great

  • Useful FIT application GP Exercise

  • Brilliant

  • great

  • excellent piece of work. Concise and clear.

  • Excellent

  • Good

  • Useful learning

  • very informative

  • Use of FIT in primary care is designed for symptomatic individuals, to help guide referrals for suspected CRC. As such, the FIT threshold for investigation in primary care (usually 10 ?g Hb/g) is lower than that used in the UK national screening programme in the asymptomatic population (80-120 ?g Hb/g).\nThe value of FIT is that is an excellent test for ruling out CRC, being a highly sensitive test with a very high negative predictive value. It is used in primary care to help streamline referrals and ensure those at highest risk are prioritised for investigation on the urgent referral pathway.\nNICE advises that GPs offer FIT to those patients who: have an abdominal mass, a change in bowel habit or iron-deficiency anaemia; are aged 40 or over with unexplained weight loss or abdominal pain; are aged under 50 with rectal bleeding and weight loss or abdominal pain; are aged 50 and over with rectal bleeding, abdominal pain or weight loss; or are aged 60 and over with anaemia.\nPatients who fit the above criteria who have a positive FIT result (?10 ?g Hb/g) should be referred on the urgent two-week-wait pathway for suspected lower GI cancer.\nAnyone with new symptoms should be offered a FIT even if they have had a negative result through the screening programme.\nPeople with a rectal mass, unexplained anal mass or ulceration do not require a FIT and should be referred directly on the urgent two-week-wait pathway.\nThe FIT detects a breakdown product of haemoglobin (rather than whole human blood as with the old FOB test). While overt rectal bleeding can cause a false positive FIT, a negative FIT in this context means it is highly unlikely the bleeding is due to CRC.\nPatients with a negative FIT but in whom symptoms or clinical concerns persist should be re-assessed and referred to secondary care for investigation. Worsening symptoms or development of a ‘red flag’ should prompt urgent referral, for which a repeat FIT is not needed.

  • useful

  • It was tougher than i thought . Now I understand the use and value of FITs and understand how to counsel my patients .

  • good test

  • useful review of use of FIT test\nmain value is to rule out CRC

  • Good overview module

  • excellent summary of the FIT test, guidelines and interpretation for GP

  • excellent

  • excellent info

  • Learning was useful

  • Excellent review on use of FIT in primary care and very relevant

  • Course has enhanced my knowledge about FIT testing

  • I have understood principle of use of FIT in primary care. New knowledge gained especiaaly knowing that I can advice my patient with suspected haemorrhoid to do FIT without waiting for bleeding to settle, if FIT negative, les likely CRC, however can refer for sigmoidoscopy

  • very good module

  • FIT Explained clearly and succinctly.\nClarity around usage and limitations.